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The Effects Of Athletic Participation On Academic Performance

The purpose of the literature review was to determined the effects of athletic participation on academic performance and if there were differences between the male and female athletes of the Mennonite High School. In order to determine whether participating in sporting events have an impact on the student’s academic performance, the researcher collected existing data during the sport season period, there the participants’ assessment grades (AG) were calculated. These scores were compared with the immediate post season average to see whether there was a significant difference between the scores received during and after participating in their various sporting activities. There were studies done that found that the participation of student athletes may not only have positive effects on their academic achievement but there may also be positive effects in other areas of their adolescent life. According to the National Federation of State High School Association (NFHS), stu dents who became involved in sports or extracurricular activities promote lifelong lessons in teamwork, self-discipline; facilitate the emotional development of the youths. The National Federation of State High School uses several sources to support their claim that students who participate in activity programmes have better academic averages, better attendance records, a lower dropout rate and fewer discipline problems (NFHS, 2002, p.2). March (1992) found that students who participate in extracurricularShow MoreRelatedInternational Federation Of State High School Athletes807 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Relevance Participation in sports has steadily increased throughout the decades. As more and more major professional sports franchises continue to eclipse the one billion mark in value, the fame and wealth that can be obtained by reaching the profession ranks becomes irresistible to many students who have a passion for athletics. For some of these students, reaching the professional ranks is way to pull their family out of the lower class, and into the higher echelon of theRead MoreA Research Study On Curricular Activities1253 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom their academic work. This scenario tends to unfold either when a student is struggling academically or when the student wants to focus totally on academics to the exclusion of everything else. They feel that extra-curricular involvement is a waste of precious time. This is according to the study done by Massoni Erin 2011. In the past twenty years we have seen the new generation of young people being directed toward participating in school activities, mainly athletics. Today athletics and otherRead MoreThe Sports Of Intercollegiate And Interscholastic Sports1319 Words   |  6 Pagesvisibility to distort the nature of competitive sports. The college and high school coaches, as well as athletic directors are experiencing pressure from the alumni, fans and administration to win now not later, which has created a conflict between the academic and athletic communities on many campuses. Even though television networks like ESPN and SSN has turn intercollegiate and interscholastic athletics into prime time events, many universities and secondary schools are continuing to promote the missionRead MoreSports And Physical Activity Play1699 Words   |  7 Pagesduration of the sport or physical activity.If we get through to the teens then we can have a better future for our next generation. Participation in sports and activities provides benefits for teens in their future such as the possibilities for athletic scholarships, better college applications, and more career opportunities which stem from their interest sports. Participation in sports also improves work ethic which can be reflected in school work or grades. However, according to the National FederationRead MoreEssay on The Benefits of Participating in Team Sports1076 Words   |  5 Pagesdoubt that intercollegiate athletics is one of the significant filters through which the public looks at American post-secondary education said Lapchick, Sperber, Telander, and thelin (p. 1). This leads to multiple future college student-athletes being recruited by college coaches. In addition, Mixon, Toma and Cross stated, The publics image of an institution as well as it’s attractiveness to prospective students are often influenced by the performance of its athletic teams (p. 1). There are veryRead MoreEssay On Pay T o Play1452 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Athletics Purpose and Benefits of High School Athletics Emergence of Pay-to-Play Models and Impact on Participation Legal Implications of Pay-to-Play Models Barriers to Participation to Racial Minorities and Low Income Families Potential Changes to Minimize Impacts on Racial Minorities and Low Income Families Suggestions for Future Research Introduction Shrinking education budgets have resulted in cuts to high school athletic programs. In response to the cuts, many high school athletic programsRead MoreSports and Academic Achievement1494 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipate in athletics have greater academic success than students who do not participate in athletics. Central Michigan University April 24, 2012 Abstract Many studies have been done regarding the positive impact that athletics has on a student’s life. Studies have looked at the physical impact that athletics has on a student’s life like sportsmanship, healthy lifestyle, discipline, strategy, and time management. We will be looking at studies that have explored the impact that athletics has onRead MoreCorrelation Between Extracurricular Activities And Grade Point Averages1350 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture success. Association among peer acceptance, positive behaviours, character building, and G.P.A. are also included. Finally, the proven benefits of curricular activities found in recent studies will be described. 2.0.1. LITERATURE REVIEW. Academics are an important part of each student’s University years, especially since University grades play an integral role in promising jobs acceptance. Parents spend a lot of time encouraging their teens to study more and play less in the pursuit of thisRead MoreStudent Athletes And Academic Achievement953 Words   |  4 Pagesthe behavior of the subjects of the study. This phrase relates to a study that I may conduct because I would like to investigate how student-athletes’ academic achievement compares to that of non-student-athletes. In such an investigation, I would have no over influence over whether or a not a student participated in athletics nor their academic achievement. I would only be able to analyze data and determine if there were a relationship between the variables. Experimental Research (McMillan, 2012Read MoreAlcohol And Drugs And Their Effects On First Year Students1544 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drugs and their Effects on First-Year Students Alcohol has been a part of human society for millennia. It can be found in churches, gas stations, supermarkets, and nearly everywhere else. Drugs are becoming more ubiquitous as well, with the legalization of cannabis now active in some form in 25 states (Maciag â€Å"State†). However, no single place is more saturated with alcohol and drugs than the college campus. Despite the troves of research that have been done to give evidence that they

Critical and Financial Analysis of Facebook Free Essays

Introduction Facebook is the social network which is used worldwide. It has been famous among the people within short period of the time. It links people from one place to another through easy access. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical and Financial Analysis of Facebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like Hotmail, G-mail, Yahoo; they are also the web based email service but face book is fast way to transfer any message and information among the people. More than â€Å"600† million of the people have been using this website which was launch in February 2004. In this website user open their personal profile, add other users as friends and join different page or user group according to their interest. They update their pictures, status according to their mood plus they will get automatic notification when they update their profile. The beginning of the face book was started from student, where they were given service stems from colloquial for the book by university administrations in the United States so they can know each other through this service. This helps students to communicate among the students regarding different subject matter. To have a face book account the user must be 13+. Then only they can have their accounts. Now we can use face book in every gadget where there is an internet access commonly are mobile, iphone etc we can know any information that is happening among our friends, family and the latest news wherever we go. Despite of our busy life this face book has been so popular even a single day without using it people won’t stay. In other word, face book have made our busy life easier by connecting people. History of facebook The founder of the face book is:†Mark Zuckerberg† who was the student of the â€Å"Harvard† and; had stolen the idea and some of the computer source code from his roomate. Before this website was used among only students of Harvard but was gradually expanded to other university later on. With the support of the students face book was officially launch for school and college level also. On the based on consumersreports.org it is assume that there were 7.5 million of the childern who join face book when it was legal for the childern for 13+. On Janauray 2009 face book was the most popular social networking service within month. When Mr. Zuckerberg launch this site he was charged by administration for copyright and was close for few days later on he expanded this project by creating a study tool. Again after when it was launch he was accused by his friend Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevioss and Divya Narendra by misleading them in a fake dream so he can help them to build a social network called Harvardconnection.com. There were a lot of investigation regarding this so finally he was charged against that. Within first month the student were restricted to use this accounts but the expansion of site was so fast mostly in canada and united state. On 26 september 2006 the face book was for everyone of age 13 with an vaild email id. Now we can see how it’s been among us in our day to day life. Every second we can found people comments and launching new page with new idea. Now it’s the 3rd largest US web company after Google and Amazon. DATA Total active User DateUser (in million)Days laterMonthly August 26,20081001,665178.38% April 8,200920022513.33% Sept 15,200930015010% February 5,20104001426.99% July 21, 20105001664.52% January 5, 20116001683.57% The above data has been collected for the internet through the help of the google. It shows how many user are been increased in a particular date. Like in august 26,2008; 100 millon people were using face book which is really alot. This shows how it was so popular among the student since the beginning of this web site was started from students. We can find the increament of the user around 2009 and 2010 alot and alot so finally around 2011 january 5 the total user of face book were 600 million people and estimation is more for the coming year. REVENUE (estimated in millions US$) YearRevenueGrowth 2006$52– 2007$150188% 2008$28087% 2009$775177% 2010$2000158% This table shows how the revenue has been increased with the increasing user. Mostly the revenue has come from the advertisement. It serves microsoft as bannner adverstisement and only those company who exist in the microsoft ‘s advertisement inventory. The above bar graph shows the age group who has used face book so often. It’s shows the clear diagram about how often we are using face book. As per the diagram the age group 18-25 they are using the face book in large amount and the least user are from 55-65. But over all we can see the user of face book is mostly femal user who is using face book so often. Website As we know it is an social networking service where user open their account with particular profile picture information about them,contact information and their interest. User should have their valid email address which is needed when they are login and a password for the privacy so you can only open your accounts. When they open it shows notification, new changes happening in there, message and friends request. Whatever notification user gets like comments, friends request, message and other stuff. User can accept the friend request according to their wish, they can look at their information and can add or ignore them. They can upload their new pictures,share the music video,comments and can join different other groups according to their interest There is notification section over the top where you can see the all notification who comment on your status, pictures. Who tag you in which picture everythings which are linked with you. Also you can change your status according to your mood and interest. On the side you can see how many friends you have got and you can even classifiy them into relationship as brother, sister, mother, husband etc.. There is privacy setting also which allows the user to do private setting for the account where he/she can make the setting in a such a way where the another user can not view their profile until and unless they are theirs friends. User can block the person whom they do not like and who are doing something beyond the limitation like abuse so they can report as abuse when they are going to block that person. They can even hide the personal information about them through the help privacy setting. They can even chat with their friends online like Yahoo and Messanger which is shown in the corner of the web page. Its shows how many people is online over that tab with their names of face book. You can even use different name as your wish and desire. The other facilities of this web is we can search for the person which is member of face book but not your friend and send a friend request as well as a message. Its’ true wonderfulness is that it makes every ceremony more rejoicable lik e birthdays, anniversery since whole world participates in wishing you. You can create many album to put the picture. And can tag those picture to your friends and even kept the one as your profile picture. So people can recognize you and can add you in their face book. Some times this website work as medium to transfer the news. Although we don’t have time to watch news but the news feed over the face book page so that you are always updated. Criticism Due to its popularity face book has been the matter for debate. Where we can see this website is the mostly use by young generation as the above diagram shows it. Where different activities has been accorded after joining it. Several countries has been blocked such in Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh etc because it is judge as anti-Islamic and something about the religious discrimination. Some of the work place has been banned using the face book because the workers are busy using facebook rather than working. Newly arised debate about face book is regarding it’s having no privacy since any hackers and phishers and top most thing face book does not hold accounts which is clearly written in contract but user do not bother to read them. Impact Being a face book user there a lot of impact which has been caused in our day to day life. Although it has been use worldwide but it shows a lot of impact in society, economic and media. There are been alot of case which cause as distruction in a family and society. As a example: in nepal we found a case where a married guy take his wife picture and with the help of photoshop he cut done his wife n put it into the another picture where a girl is totally naked. He shared this picture to all of this friend as per result when his wife came to know about it there was a lot of conflicts between them. Another case was found in the capital city of nepal where 19 years boy backmailing a girl age 25 to put her naked picture in facebook although the boy was caught but still we can see this problem in our day to day life. Even in uk we can hear a lot of news regarding sucide because their friends are making their fun in face book which they can not tolerate. Its all because we are using it so frequently in our life and it became as a part of our day to day rota. People are afraid to face any situation although it will be wrong but still will be famous when they are kept in face book and in a few moment all user will become to know about it.Another problem is created by parents it’s self who open there children accounts as we can know we are not allowed to open account until and unless we are 13 but still we can find their accounts of face book. Even we can find hackers who can do whatever with our accounts which are not using offen. As a major problem the youth are been more addict with this,where the most important think is their future but they forget this and become busy with picture, comments, status in face book. Even this is happening with the workers who focus in face book rather than doing some work. But for the company they are using face book in different way for adveristment, where they get benefit and plus the owner of facebook is also getting the benefit. And face book are more often use for sending message and giving news which is really positive point. Before it was used as a medium to transfer the notes to other student but now it has been use as a communicating other stuff. One thing is for sure whatever we post in face book it’s easy to spread them among the friends rather than sending email. conclusion This new technology has change so many things in our life with new mobile, iphone we get chance to use face book and even chat from there. This new technology has change our life so hard even a second it’s hard to manage with out it. Because we are so addict with it even a single day we can’t stay without openning it. Over all we can make a figure through which we can know the girls are more addict with face book no matter what’s there age. Face book is the 3rd largest company who earns alot of money. It has make life easy by making easy access to comunicate with people. Within short period so time it became so popular among the people but it got advantage and disadvantage also. People who are new with it can not figure it out what it is. But it depends upon the ourselves whither we want to misuse it or use in correct way. Its all about our view althought it is huge matter of discussion but no matter how long it will be going on the user of face book is increasing in every second and minute. Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook http://www.legalandrew.com/2007/07/21/facebook-and-the-law-8-things-to-know/ http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=facebook+founder+picturehl=enprmd=ivnstbm=ischtbo=usource=univsa=Xei=zeHRTdC_PJGLhQeu49yTCgved=0CB8QsAQbiw=1366bih=667 http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/05/14/BUHP1JFJFN.DTLtype=tech How to cite Critical and Financial Analysis of Facebook, Essay examples

Effects of Terrorism on Economic Performance

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Terrorism on Economic Performance. Answer: Introduction: International relations can be defined as the manner in which two or more countries behave, interact and regard each other in terms of cultural, political and economic relationships. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the interactions between states giving deep cultural understanding. International relation is necessary to ensure safety in the world. As the world is becoming smaller due to advancement in globalization and technology, peace between the nations is becoming extremely important (Ryder, 2016). In the current world, thousands of nuclear weapons exist where there are attacks without warnings, it is important to know about the importance of international relations. Positive international relations between nations shall boost prosperity, peace, harmony and economy. However, poor international relations between countries may lead to horrific consequences (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). For example, World War I was a consequence of poor international relations and the mo st destructive wars could have been prevented in Germany, England and France if the relations were good. This essay aims at analyzing the relations of the Islamic State with the US and other Western countries including Australia. The Islamic State has become a terror group destroying peace in the world (Siniver, Lucas, 2016). The essay argues if the threat posed by Islamic State is justified or overrated. The Islamic State, also known as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or ISIS, is the name of the group after it conquered Western Iraq, Libya and Eastern Syria. The government of the Islamic state are based on the application of Sharia, which is the Islamic law for maintenance of justice, law and order. The Islamic State was originated after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 when the Jordanian militant Abu Musab al-Zarqawi aligned his militant group, Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad, with al-Qaeda, making it al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) (Siniver, Lucas, 2016). It is argued that the threat of Islamic State is increasing the challenge to international peace and security. According to the third report of the Secretary general Jeffrey Feltman, the United Efforts is putting significant efforts to counter the threats posed by the Islamic state to international peace and security. The sole aim of ISIS is to weaken the efforts of the United Nations in achieving international peace and security (Ryder, 2016). ISIS is considered a significant threat to the US and their allies including Australia. Their desire to establish a modern caliphate is hindered by the US. The ISIS considers that attacking US can add to the advantage of establishing a caliphate. The Islamic State has resources such as finance, oil reserves, medium and heavy weapons from Iraqi and Syrian militaries and infrastructure (Hashim, 2014). Not only this, but ISIS has access to deployment of conventional and unconventional weapons. Islamic State is not only a terrorist group, but they are a successful movement with nihilistic philosophy (Lawson, 2015). Their social media postings on YouTube and Twitter show that their main target audience is the West. Their territorial control allows them to have access to adequate cash by selling electricity, exporting oil and running an extensive extortion racket (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). According to Munoz (2016), the White Houses counterterrorism official stated that the threat faced by the US and its European allies are increasing significantly after the September 11 attacks (Munoz, 2016). The Islamic State is on a rise and has the ability to expand across the globe and is more powerful than Al Qaeda after the attacks in 2001 in the World Trade Center (Munoz, 2016). As stated by Mr. Rasmussen, the National Counterterrorism Center Chief, the Islamic State has decentralized and diverse nature that allow them to move quickly without much warning that proves to be more dangerous than any other terrorist groups. The Islamic State is dependent on the lone-wolf attackers, who are inspired by the jihad ideology (Munoz, 2016). In case of Al Qaeda, individual operatives were planted inside US as sleeper cells adding to the definite linkage (Lawson, 2015). However, Islamic State lacks such linkages that make US susceptible to radicalization (Munoz, 2016). According to the US intelligence agencies, there is high risk of failure as the type of attacks such as 9/11 takes immense amount of finance, communication and coordination (Munoz, 2016). The US intelligence officials are still struggling to handle the conflict in Yemen, where Al Qaeda establishes a major threshold due to the civil war (Munoz, 2016). It is argued that South Korea is increasing security measures to prevent a potential attack from the Islamic State in the US military and Korea. Donald Trump, the US President called for suspension of immigrants from the places where the terrorists operate (Padden, 2016). The supporters of ISIS threatened to attack Heathrow Airport in 2016 (Dearden, 2016). According to the Intelligence Group, a device would be placed either in New York Airport, Los Angeles International Airport or Heathrow when the Americans were about to celebrate Independence Day. These are the busiest airports in US and stringent security measures were taken (Dearden, 2016). Not only US, but Islamic State threatens the Western countries such as Russia, France, Australia and others (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). The Australian Government is taking steps to counter terrorism threats. According to Gillman (2016), a terrorizing video was released by ISIS that encouraged terror among the Australians. The footage included bloody executions, mangled bodies and missile attacks showing multiple possibilities of attacks in Melbourne. Melbournes cricket ground and city centre were shown in the video captured by the drone. The footage also captured St. Pauls Cathedral, and Qantas passenger plane at the Melbourne Airport. The current terror threat level of Australia is considered probable (Gillman, 2016). ISIS has evolved with its own judiciary, army, and administration. They are the most heavily-armed group in the history as they have captured abundant military weapons and equipments in Iran and Syria. According to Gillman (2016), ISIS is considered as the richest terrorist group. The group has looted more than five banks in Iraq. Mosuls Central Bank alone yielded more than $400 million dollars in Iraqi currency and gold. ISIS also controls the oil field in Iraq and Syria and generates money from ransoms given by the family of hostages (Rochester, 2013). Every inch on the ground won by ISIS inflates their power and to be the leader of Sunni Muslims (Siniver, Lucas, 2016). The Western allies were determined for a tough fight against ISIS after an attack was called against them. France, a Western ally of the US is also targeted by ISIS. According to the information gathered, the ISIS were planning to attack Europe during the Christmas holiday season and related events. Therefore, the people were asked to be alert as it was predicted that the terrorist group might attack with little or no warning. According to the investigation conducted by CNN, the terrorist link was operating inside Syria. Suspects aged 29 and 37 were arrested as they were considered a part of the operation (Cruickshank, 2016). According to Yan and Levs (2014), the French Interior Minister stated that the terrorists had planned for execution of hostages and mass slaughters. According to the Australian Prime Minister, the government is taking security measures to keep the Australians as safe as possible. The US took measures to ensure safety of its citizens. The leader of ISIS called fo r lone-wolf attacks in France and United States as they were conducting airstrikes in Iraq against Islamic State. The ISIS spokesman also said that they shall kill any disbeliever, be it American, French or any of their allies. The spokesman added that the Americans and Europeans started a war against them and they shall have to pay a huge price for it. The ISIS threatened to make the worldly life into fear and fire by exploding the world, attacking bases, cutting off peoples heads, remove the family from their homes and blow up their homes. However, France is not afraid of such threats as they have been attacked before on the values for humanism and tolerance. They have security and strategies to respond to such threats (Yan, Levs, 2014). However, it is argued that Islamic State threat is overstated. According to a press conference held in Argentina, the ex-President Obama stated that the Islamic State cannot destroy US. They are not an existential threat and are simply murders that have perverted as the Muslim religion. They only intend to encourage fear by killing innocent lives and disrupting the normal lives in the society. ISIS is dangerous and is capable of conducting acts of terrorism, but the terrorists may succeed if the United States believes that they cannot stand against them (Benen, 2016). According to Engelhardt (2016), the Islamic State has generated a stream of revenues through oil sales black market, ransacking the heritage of the region, ransoms from kidnapping and looting the banks. However, it is a self-limited movement that is only capable of expanding if more regions are laid to waste. The Islamic State is so deeply sectarian that it shall never gain the support of Christian, Shia, Alawite or Yaz idi. Also, the practices followed by them are too religious and political that cannot be followed by the Sunnis. It is also argued that it shall take decades and cost around $200 billion that is thrice the Gross Domestic product of Syria to rebuild the nation (Engelhardt, 2016). Again, it is argued that ISIS is not a threat to the US. ISIS is considered as an example of a group of extremists making themselves larger and maintaining their institutional power. More than the attacks, panic prevails among the people due to regular fear infusions. According to Daoud (2014), the US and its allies are turning to Iran for help. Iran is a sober and calculating foe with global reach; the discipline of its loyal cadres and its quest for nuclear weapons make ISIS pale in comparison. Iran is making diplomatic gains in the crisis represented by the ISIS. Therefore, ISIS may be a distraction from the potential threat that can be caused by Iran. America has also given concessions to Iran as they are assisting the nation (Khan, Ruiz Estrada, 2015). The Western countries may lack extensive understanding of the nature of Iranian regime. Iran does not want regional stability, but is looking for power and influence. It is easier for Iran to obtain nuclear weapons. Currently, Ir an may be viewed as a lesser threat than ISIS, but it is possible that ISIS is overrated (Daoud, 2014). Conclusively, the United Nations plays an important role in maintaining international peace and security. International relation is necessary to ensure safety in the world. In the current world, thousands of nuclear weapons exist where there are attacks without warnings, it is important to know about the importance of international relations. The Islamic State has become a terror group destroying peace in the world. The government of the Islamic state are based on the application of Sharia, which is the Islamic law for maintenance of justice, law and order. The sole aim of ISIS is to weaken the efforts of the United Nations in achieving international peace and security. Their social media postings on YouTube and Twitter show that their main target audience is the West. The Islamic State is dependent on the lone-wolf attackers, who are inspired by the jihad ideology. Every inch on the ground won by ISIS inflates their power and to be the leader of Sunni Muslims. They only intend to en courage fear by killing innocent lives and disrupting the normal lives in the society. However, it is a self-limited movement that is only capable of expanding if more regions are laid to waste. Also, ISIS may be a distraction from the potential threat that can be caused by Iran. References Benen, S. (2016).Obama on ISIS: 'They're not an existential threat to us'.MSNBC. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/obama-isis-theyre-not-existential-threat-us Cruickshank, P. (2016).US issues Europe travel alert after France foils ISIS-linked plot.CNN. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/21/us/us-europe-travel-alert-isis/ Daoud, D. (2014).Is ISIS Distracting Us from a More Serious Iranian Threat?.The Tower. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.thetower.org/article/is-isis-distracting-us-from-a-more-serious-threat/ Dearden, L. (2016).Isis supporters threaten attacks on Heathrow and US airports.The Independent. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/isis-islamic-state-threat-attacks-heathrow-us-airports-lax-jfk-fourth-of-july-weekend-independence-a7115296.html Engelhardt, T. (2016).America has grown cowardly: ISIS is no threat to our existence whatsoever.Salon. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.salon.com/2016/01/10/in_the_shadow_of_the_iron_curtain_why_isis_is_the_minor_leagues_of_terror_partner/ Gillman, O. (2016).New ISIS video encourages homegrown terror attacks in Australia.Mail Online. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3945290/ISIS-propaganda-video-encourages-homegrown-terror-attacks-Australia-lists-Melbourne-Airport-St-Paul-s-Cathedral-targets.html Hashim, A. (2014). The Islamic State: From al-Qaeda Affiliate to Caliphate.Middle East Policy,21(4), 69-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12096 Khan, A., Ruiz Estrada, M. (2015). The effects of terrorism on economic performance: the case of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).Quality Quantity,50(4), 1645-1661. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0226-9 Lawson, S. (2015).Theories of international relations(1st ed.). UK: Polity Press. Munoz, C. (2016).ISIS makes terrorism threat facing U.S. gravest since 9/11 attacks.The Washington Times. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/sep/7/isis-makes-terrorism-threat-facing-us-gravest-sinc/ Padden, B. (2016).South Korea Warns of Islamic State Threat Against US Bases.VOA. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.voanews.com/a/south-korea-warns-of-islamic-state-threat-against-us-military-bases/3383500.html Rochester, J. (2013).The fundamental principles of international relations(1st ed.). New York: Westview Press. Ryder, N. (2016). Out with the Old and In with the Old? A Critical Review of the Financial War on Terrorism on the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant.Studies In Conflict Terrorism, 1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2016.1249780 Siniver, A., Lucas, S. (2016). The Islamic State lexical battleground: US foreign policy and the abstraction of threat.International Affairs,92(1), 63-79. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12507 Yan, H., Levs, J. (2014).ISIS calls for attacks in U.S. and allies - CNN.com.CNN. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/22/world/meast/isis-threatens-west/